What is the definition of a special election?

A special election is defined as an election that varies in timing and purpose, making it distinct from regular elections. Unlike routine elections, which are held on a fixed schedule (e.g., every two years) for standard positions, special elections occur as needed to fill vacancies, decide specific ballot questions, or address other urgent matters that arise unexpectedly within a community. This flexibility allows local governments to respond promptly to particular situations that may require immediate electoral input from the constituents.

In this context, fixed-date elections or routine elections do not fit the definition of a special election because they adhere to predetermined schedules and are designed for broader purposes like choosing officials or passing legislation. Similarly, while elections for selecting state officials can be significant, they typically reflect regular election cycles rather than the variability that characterizes special elections. Thus, the correct answer accurately encapsulates the essence of a special election by recognizing its unique and variable nature.